Abstract This study evaluated the construct validity of the instrument Oral Health Literacy among diabetics. A probabilistic random sample of 239 diabetics from an infinite population answered the 10 items of the questionnaire. The structural validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis and goodness of fit, chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (X2/df), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA). Internal consistency was estimated by the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The scores were dichotomized with the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval as the cutoff point. The three-dimensional model presented good quality parameters (X2 /df = 2.459; CFI = 0.988; TLI = 0.981) and poor RMSEA (0.078). Internal consistency was adequate; AVE for the Access, Understand/appraise, and Apply subscales were 0.831, 0.981, and 0.954 and the CR for these subscales were 0.893, 0.962, and 0.822, respectively. Inadequate literacy ranged from 41.8 to 48.1%. The three-dimensional model identified (access, understand/appraise, and apply) showed structural validity, good internal consistency, and understandability.

Abstract Anemia due to iron deficiency is the most common in the world being characterized as a significant public health issue. Therefore, its prevention and treatment are considered important before it becomes either chronic or grievous; the interventions with superior potential are the medical supplementation with iron salts as well as food mineral enhancement. The objectives of this study were to develop fermented dairy beverages supplemented with iron and added by Cerrado fruit pulps: cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica ), coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata), tamarindo (Tamarindus indica), and umbu ( Spondias tuberosa). In addition, the research intended to evaluate the acceptance of these beverages by children and adolescents from public schools in the city of Montes Claros (MG). The methodology consisted in the production of dairy beverages followed by the evaluation of their quality through physicochemical and microbiological analyses. Posteriorly, children and adolescents assessed the sensorial acceptance. The analyses performed presented satisfactory results for physicochemical and microbiological properties regarding the acceptance of the product. The cagaita and coquinho azedo based dairy beverages were the most accepted whether compared with tamarindo and umbu beverages. The fermented dairy beverage supplemented with iron and added by Cerrado fruits come up as a feasible alternative for dietary supplementation, and can promote beneficial effects in human health due to their sensorial acceptance.

RESUMO: A atividade conservante e antioxidante de óleos essenciais são importantes ferramentas para uso na indústria de alimentos e pesquisas são estimuladas na atualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes e a atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratuse Lippia alba (LA) contra bactérias lácticas e patogênicas com importância em doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A atividade antibacteriana dos óleos foi avaliada por testes de disco-difusão e macrodiluição em caldo, utilizando-se cultura láctica mista de Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus e Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903), e Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017). Os compostos dos óleos essenciais foram identificados por cromatografia, mostrando eugenol (79,41%) como composto predominante em S. aromaticum, geranial (31,89%), neral (24,52%) e β-mirceno (25,37%) em C. citratus, e o geranial (33,80%) e neral (25,63%) em L. alba. A atividade antibacteriana confirmou o efeito dose-dependente dos três óleos para todas as bactérias avaliadas, apresentando halos de inibição a partir da concentração de 20μL mL-1. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou melhor atividade antioxidante, com IC 50 IC50 (at concentration capable of generating 50% inhibition) igual a 5.76μg mL-1 e índice de atividade antioxidante (AAI) de 6,94, considerado forte (AAI>2,0) em relação aos demais óleos avaliados. O óleo essencial de S. aromaticum apresentou excelente atividade antioxidante em menor concentração que anecessário para inibir a cultura láctica, indicando que este óleo pode ser usado como conservante em alimentos processados contendo culturas lácticas.

ABSTRACT: Studies about preservative and antioxidant activity of essential oils have been encouraged in recent years, given their importance to food industry. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of essential oils deriving from Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba against lactic and pathogenic bacteria responsible for food-borne diseases. Essential oil antibacterial activity was assessed through disc diffusion and macrodilution tests conducted in a mixed lactic culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (YF-L903) and of Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 6017) strains. Based on the chromatographic analysis results, the essential oils shown to be composed of eugenol (79.41%) which was the prevalent compound in S. aromaticum, geranial (31.89%), neral (24.52%) and β-myrcene (25.37%) in C. citratus, as well as of geranial (33.80%) and neral (25.63%) in L. alba. The observed antibacterial activity confirmed the dose-dependent effect of these three oils on all the assessed bacteria; there was halo inhibition at concentration 20μL mL-1. The essential oil of S. aromaticum presented better antioxidant activity, with IC50 equal to 5.76μg mL-1 and antioxidant activity index of 6.94, and it was considered strong (AAI>2.0) in comparison to the other evaluated oils. This essential oil also presented excellent antioxidant activity at concentrations lower than the one required to inhibit lactic cultures. Based in this outcome, the essential oil from S. aromaticum can be used as preservative agent in processed food whose formulation presents lactic cultures.

Resumo Introdução o letramento de pessoas com diabetes quanto à nutrição é importante, pois uma alimentação saudável pode melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas. Objetivo Objetivou-se criar um instrumento denominado Letramento Nutricional entre pessoas com Diabetes (LND) e avaliar a sua validade, confiabilidade e interpretabilidade. Método estudo metodológico com verificação da validade de conteúdo; pré-teste; estimativa da confiabilidade (consistência interna: alfa de Cronbach; reprodutibilidade: kappa-K, coeficiente de correlação intraclasse [CCI]); estimativa da validade de critério concorrente e interpretabilidade feita pela contagem dos acertos das associações de palavras com escores de 0 a 24 (corte ≤ 18) e teste de hipóteses em amostra probabilística para população infinita por meio de regressão logística; p ≤ 0,05 (OR/IC95%). Resultados a validade de conteúdo foi satisfatória. A confiabilidade (alfa = 0,68; K ≥ 0,60 e CCI = 0,68) foi boa. Quanto à validade concorrente, constatou-se correlação entre o LND e a escolaridade (rs = 0,88; p = 0,000). Dos 212 participantes, 75,8% apresentaram LND > 18. No teste de hipóteses, verificou-se que quanto maior a escolaridade, maior o LND (1,20/1,09-1,31) e o LND foi menor entre homens (0,50/0,25-1,01). Conclusão o LND foi considerado válido, confiável e de fácil interpretação, podendo ser utilizado em pesquisas futuras ou mesmo em serviços de saúde que prestam assistência às pessoas com diabetes.

Abstract Background The literacy about nutrition of people with diabetes is important since healthy eating can improve the life quality of these people. Objective The objective of this study was to create an instrument called “Nutrition Literacy among people with Diabetes (NLD)” and evaluate its validity, reliability and interpretability. Method Methodological study with verification of content validity; pre-test; reliability estimation (internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha; reproducibility: kappa-K, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient - ICC); estimation of the validity of concurrent criterion and interpretability made by counting the correct words associations with scores from 0 to 24 (cut ≤ 18) and hypothesis test in sample for infinite population through logistic regression p≤0.05; (OR / CI 95%). Results The content validity was satisfactory. Reliability (alpha = 0.68, K≥0.60 and CCI = 0.68) was good. Regarding the concurrent validity, a correlation between NLD and schooling (rs = 0.88, p = 0.000) was found. From the 212 participants, 75.8% presented NLD> 18. In the hypothesis test, it was found that the higher the schooling, the higher the NLD (1.20 / 1.09-1.31); the NLD was lower among men (0.50 / 0.25-1.01). Conclusion The NLD was considered valid, reliable and easy to interpret, and it could be used in future research or even in health services that provide assistance to people with diabetes.

Objetivo: Avaliou-se o consumo habitual de alimentos fontes de vitamina A em pré-escolares da zona rural de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais.Métodos: Em estudo do tipo transversal foram pesquisados 337 pré-escolares por meio de entrevista com seus pais. Foram avaliados: a) características socioeconômicas da família; b) recebimento de suplementação de vitamina A provida pelo governo, c) o hábito de consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A através de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. O hábito de consumo foi classificado entre alto/moderado ou baixo e associado às variáveis socioeconômicas usando-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson para calcular a razão de prevalência e respectivo intervalo de confiança a 95%.Resultados: A maioria das crianças era de famílias de baixa renda. Apenas 51% delas receberam pelo menos 4 doses de suplementação de vitamina A. O hábito de consumo de fontes dessa vitamina inferido pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar foi considerado alto/moderado para apenas 75 dos pré-escolares e baixo para 262 deles. O baixo consumo de alimentos fontes de vitamina A foi associado à renda ≤1 salário mínimo (RP=1,178) e consumo habitual de guloseimas (RP=1,256).Conclusão: As crianças avaliadas apresentaram baixo registro de recebimento da suplementação de vitamina A provida pelo governo e baixo consumo de alimentos fonte desse nutriente, sendo este último associado à baixa renda familiar e ao alto consumo de guloseimas.

Objective: The present study evaluated the habitual consumption of vitamin A food sources in preschool children in rural areas of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Methods: This is a cross sectional study that includes 337 preschool children which were evaluated through an interview conducted with their parents. The parameters evaluated were: a) socioeconomic characteristics of the family; b) use of the vitamin A supplementation provided by the government, c) habitual consumption of vitamin A food sources, assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vitamin A food source consumption was classified as high/moderate or low, and it was associated to the socioeconomic variables using the Poisson regression model to calculate the prevalence odds ratio and the respective 95% confidence interval.Results: Most children were from low income families. Only 51% of them had received at least 4 doses of vitamin A supplementation. The habitual consumption of vitamin A sources, assessed using the food frequency questionnaire, was considered high/moderate for only 75 children and low for 262 children. The low of consumption of vitamin A sources was associated with living on minimum wage (PR=1,178) and high consumption of sweets (PR=1,256).Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that the children evaluated lack vitamin A supplementation provided by the government and show low consumption of foods high in vitamin; the former was associated with low-income status and high consumption of sweets.